Incandescent electric lamp.



PATENTED FEB, 17, 1903.

K 0. PAUTHONIER. INGANDESGENT BLEGTRIG LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 7, 1900.

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IN ANDESGBNT ELECTRIC LAMP.

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PATENTE'D FEB. 17, 1903.

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U ITED STATES ArnNr tries.

OASIMIR PAUTHONIER, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

iNGANDESCENT. ELECTRIC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 720,962, dated February17-, 1903.

Application filed July], 1900.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CASIMIR PAUTHONIER,

and a resident of 4: Rue St. Jean, Paris, in the Republic of France,have invented a new and useful Improvement Relating to IncandescentElectric Lamps, which is fully set forth in the following specification.

Incandescent electric lamps as hitherto con structed are inadequate topresent requirements. Notwithstanding that all methods of illuminationhave been improved incandescent electric lamps remain practically whatthey were at their inception, having only undergone minor improvements,by means of which the consumption of electricity has been materiallyreduced. A great deal yet remains to be accomplished, inasmuch ashigh-tension currents for traction upon tramways and for metallurgicalpurposes require to be transformed into low-tension currents in order tobe employed with existing types of incandes cent electric lamps.

The objects of this invention are to provide a lamp in which thesehigh-tension currents may be utilized as they are-that is to say,without having to transform them while increasing the illuminating powerof the lamps and reducing the consumption of electricity and withoutaltering existing installations.

The lamp which forms the subject of my invention is suitable for usewith any current of any tension, high and low, and even for suchtensions for whichat present there exists no incandescent electriclamps.

In order that my invention may be more fully understood, I will proceedto describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings, in'which Figure l is a sectional side elevation of an incandescent clusterelectric lamp embodying my invention. Fig; 2 is a plan view of the same.Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a modified form of the invention. Fig. 4is a detail view of one of the individual lamps which may be 'used.Figs. 5 and 6 are plan views showing the group of the individual lampsarranged in series and parallel, respectively; and Fig. 7 is a plan viewof the erial No. 22,777. (No model.)

grouped either in series or in parallel or in series and in parallel,according to circumstances. These contacts are arranged eithering-mount, as in Fig. 5, or in radial lines, as in Fig. 6. This mountmay be made of glass, porcelain, or any other appropriate insulatingmaterial and may be extended and so formed as to serve as a reflector,or a separate reflector may be provided, as in Fig.1. The contacts 61 (Zare pre ferably'constructed in such a manner that the conductors areengaged and maintained therein by aspring clamp, a nut, or in othersuitable manner.

E E are the lamps, the glass or crystal bulb of which is preferably madein the form of a sector-t. a, in as many parts as a circle may bealiquotly dividedthe flat portions being sil 'vered like a mirror, orthe said bulbs may be constructed partly of clear glass or crystal andpartly of translucent white enamel, the fiat portion only beingenameled.

The sector shape is preferable in order that the lamps when placed uponthe support (the enameled faces being arranged opposite one to the otherand separated by a slight interval in order to permit of the circulationof air) may constitute a perfectly cylindrical whole and possess anentirely novel appearance.

Fig; 2 shows the'arrangement of the lamps upon the supporting-mount, thetranslucent enameled portions a aopposite one another.

From this arrangement it follows that the lamps beinglighted each ofthese enameled translucent faces is brightly illuminated and traversedupon each of its sides, thus form- 'ing by their assemblage an irradiantmass which greatly increases the brilliancy of the light emitted by agiven electromotive force, producing a whiter light than ordinary lampsand one which is softer and has a better efconcentrically with the edgeof the insulatfeet. In Fig. 2 four of these lamps are shown. There may,however, be three, five, six, or any suitable number, according to thenature of the circuit, the luminous intensity, or the decorative effectit is desired to produce. If the plane faces are silvered, these mirrorsby reason of their angular arrangement form reflectors and increase thebrilliancy of the light; but this latter does not then possess thewhiteness which is communicated to it by the faces of white translucentenamel. Fig. 3 shows a similar grouping of four lamps, the bulbs ofwhich are cylindrical in form, partly clear glass or crystal and partlywhite enamel. The bulbs or globes are mounted upon the mounts orsupports, the enameling faces opposite one to the other, and the sameefiect of irradiation as with the sector-shaped lamps is produced; butthe appearance is less elegant.

The bulbs or globes, whether of cylindrical or sector shape, may be ofglass or crystal of various colors, either opaque or clear, or partlycolored and partly clear, or variously colored, and in this manner allpossible effects of lighting are obtained. Nevertheless I obtain allthese effects of coloring while preserving the white enamel and coloringthe clear portion as desired. These parts colored or enameled areemployed in the direction of the length of the filament.

By separating the lamps upon the mount or support by means of opaquepreferably radiate screens S the lamp may be caused to present severalaspects at the same time. It may be red or blue on one side and upon theother green or orange, for example.

Fig. 4 shows one of these lamps of cylindrical form, the shaded portionrepresenting the white or colored enamel of the silvered portion. Theform of contact is also shown. The electroderods are screw threaded orsplit in order to insure electrical contact either by the spring actionon opening the slit or by means of a nut, which at the same time insuresthe rigidity of the lamp upon its fitting. These electrodes 0 c areintroduced into the holes 61 d of the insulating mount B, which areprovided with simple metallic eyes assembled one with the other by meansof wires of sufficient section and either insulated or not. Thisconnection may also be effected by means of copper lugs eyeleted attheir extremities or by means of any other appropriate metal andarranged in such a manner as to group the lamps in series or in parallelor in series and in parallel, according to circumstances, and I utilizethis lamp either isolated or grouped upon my mount or support to anydesired number.

Figs. 5 and 6 show the insulating mount having its contents connected inseries and parallel, respectively, in groups of four. This arrangementmay be varied according to the number of lamps employed in any one groupand the manner of grouping them; but whatever may be the number andmanner of grouping the enameled faces are always arranged adjacent toeach other. Fig. 5 shows that the arrangement of the contacts is thereverse of that in Fig. 6, and I employ one or other of these methods,according to circumstances. In this manner I am able to make lamps ofall voltages and of all degrees of luminous intensity, because I mayunite upon my mount or support lamps of twentyfive volts, which, groupedin series in fours, may be arranged in circuits of one hundred volts,and in the same way three lamps of seventy volts may be arranged uponcircuits of two hundred and twenty volts, or five lamps of one hundredvolts may be placed upon a circuit of five hundred volts. The fittingsmay themselves be arranged in series or in parallel,according tocircumstances. A group of four lamps of fifty-five volts may bearranged'upon a circuit of two hundred and twenty volts, and four groupsof five lamps of one hundred volts may be placed upon a circuits of twothousand volts, &c. All combinations aretherefore possible for allcurrents of high or low tension.

The filaments may be of ten, sixteen,thirty, fifty, one hundred, or fivehundred candle power, and it is not necessary to manufacture themspecially for a given intensity, as in ordinary lamps. The grouping ofthe lamps upon my fitting permits of diversifying the luminous intensityin the same mannor as it permits of diversity of voltages. I thus obtaina divisibility of the electric light, an adaptability and extent whichhave never been obtained,notwithstanding the use of refieotors of allkinds, in addition to which I may of course utilize these same or anyother suitable reflectors.

A lamp of sixteen-candle power under ordinary circumstances consumes atthe potential (generally one hundred and ten volts) 0.48 amperes or twohundred and eleven watts for four lamps of sixteen candles,or 3.3 wattsper candle-power. The same would obtain for lamps of other potentialsfor which lamps may readily be made. These lamps may be combined in anymanner so as to render them fitted for different potentials,even thosehigh tensions for which hitherto no incandescent lamps have beenconstructed and which it is consequently useless to transform. I wouldalso point out that it is the irradiation of the opal translucentportions and the arrangement of the opal portions in opposition one tothe other which by annulling interferences forms an irradiant mass,which not only increases the quantity of light emitted, but also itsbrilliancy. I may also combine upon one of my mounts or supports onlyany number of lamps corresponding to the potential to be utilized,whatever it may be, and I may also give-to my support any desired form,such as a letter or design, for example, the successive or simultaneousillumination of which may constitute a kind of luminous telegraphy inordinary letters which may be caused to operate by means of suitabledevices. I may also constitute straight or sinuous lines of lights, formdesigns, reproduce marks or conventional signs, 850., with the minimumexpenditure of electric current.

With these lamps I may in many cases advantageously replace arc-lamps,the defects of which are numerous. For example, it is necessary to renewthe carbon frequently; the brilliancy of the are is too greatandnecessitates the employment of globes which absorb the light; they burnwith a naked light, so that the sparks which are liberated from thecarbons are dangerous; they get out of order, and, finally, their priceis relatively high. My lamps may be selected in such a manner as to giveonly the desired amount of light. It is only necessary toappropriatelyselect the lamp corresponding to the potential available and theillumination which is necessary. The fitting and reflector beingconstructed separately from the lamps it is unnecessary to replace thewhole device when renewing the lamps themselves.

I reserve the right in order to prevent heating of the lamp to form inthe mount or plate B a shaft or passage for air traversing thelamp-base, if this latter is retained. I also reserve the right toreplace the said lam p-base by suitable terminals.

Having now particularly described and ascert-aimed the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim is- 1. An incandescent cluster electric lamp, consisting ofa disk-shaped mount of insulating material, a socket upon said mountadapted to be connected'with an electrical source,

contact-pieces secured on said mount connected in circuit with saidsocket, and lamps having their terminals electrically connected withsaid contact-pieces, said lamps being grouped on the mount around thecenter thereof and having translucent adjacent portions, substantiallyas set forth.

metrically disposed around the center of said mount and havingtranslucent flat surfaces arranged in juxtaposition, substantially asset forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

CASIMIR PAUTHONIER.

Witnesses:

EMILE LEDREL, EDWARD P. MAGLEAN.

